Octaves are numbered beginning with the note C and all notes through the note B in that octave share the same number (e.g., C3 through B3, then C4 through B4, etc.). Notes outside the range of the standard piano keyboard (indicated in blue) are sometimes used as controllers or simply ignored by many synthesizers. Note numbers 21 - 108 (A0 - C8, indicated in black) correspond to the 88 notes of the standard piano keyboard. The MIDI protocol specifies 128 notes numbered 0 - 127. Thus, system messages all begin with 1111, and use the second nybble to identify the message type, not to indicate a MIDI channel.ĦTiming Clock messages are transmitted at a rate of 24 pulses-per-quarter note (ppq). Other instruments have 14-bit resolution for Pitch Bend and transmit both the MSB and LSB (least significant byte).ĥSystem messages apply to the entire instrument, not to a specific MIDI channel. In this table, xxxx represents a binary value between 00 that indicates one of the 16 MIDI channels.ģSee the MIDI Controller Numbers and Names table below for more information on controller types.ĤSome instruments have 7-bit resolution for Pitch Bend and only transmit the MSB (most significant byte). Numerous data bytes depending on device and functionġDue to the efficiency protocol known as running status most instruments use a Note On/Velocity 0 message rather than a Note Off message to stop a note from sounding.ĢIn Channel Message status bytes, the second nybble identifies the particular MIDI channel. Undefined values are available for future MIDI development.
The table below lists the different status bytes and the type and number of data bytes that follow.
Some status bytes, however, are sufficient by themselves and do not need any data bytes. Most status bytes are followed by one or more data bytes that provide additional information about the event. The first byte, the status byte, describes the type of event being transmitted. MIDI messages consist of groups of 8-bit words or bytes. Chapter 4: Amplitude Envelope Generators.
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